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American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, Vol. 80, No. 4, 841-848, October 2004
© 2004 American Society for Clinical Nutrition

ORIGINAL RESEARCH COMMUNICATION

Comparison of dietary intakes associated with metabolic syndrome risk factors in young adults: the Bogalusa Heart Study1,2,3,4

Sunmi Yoo, Theresa Nicklas, Tom Baranowski, Issa F Zakeri, Su-Jau Yang, Sathanur R Srinivasan and Gerald S Berenson

1 From the Department of Family Medicine, Inje University Sanggye Paik Hospital, Seoul, South Korea (SY); the US Department of Agriculture/Agricultural Research Service Children’s Nutrition Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston (SY, TN, TB, IFZ, and S-JY); and the Tulane Center for Cardiovascular Health, Tulane University Medical Center, New Orleans (SRS and GSB).

Background: Previous studies suggested that dietary intakes affect individual risk factors associated with metabolic syndrome.

Objective: The objective of this study was to examine dietary intakes in 1181 young adults aged 19–38 y (38.1% men; 25% African Americans and 75% whites) in relation to metabolic syndrome risk factors in the Bogalusa Heart Study.

Design: Participants were stratified into 3 groups according to the number of risk factors (0, 1–2, ≥3) associated with the metabolic syndrome according to the diagnostic criteria of the National Cholesterol Education Program, and dietary intakes were compared between the groups with a cross-sectional analysis.

Results: After adjustment for age, total energy intake, body mass index, and physical activity, mean (±SE) intakes of fruit, fruit juice, and vegetables were significantly higher in subjects who had no risk factors than in subjects who had 1–2 risk factors (3.30 ± 0.09 compared with 2.99 ± 0.07 servings/d; P < 0.05). The mean intake of sweetened beverages was lower in subjects who had no risk factors than in subjects who had 1–2 risk factors or ≥3 risk factors among whites (1.45 ± 0.08 compared with 1.77 ± 0.07 and 2.22 ± 0.15 serving/d, respectively, in men; 1.26 ± 0.06 compared with 1.62 ± 0.05 and 1.78 ± 0.13 servings/d, respectively, in women; P < 0.001) but not among African Americans.

Conclusion: Our results suggest that low fruit and vegetable consumption and high sweetened beverage consumption are independently associated with the prevalence of metabolic syndrome in specific sex-ethnicity populations.

Key Words: Metabolic syndrome • Bogalusa Heart Study • diet • alcohol • fruit and vegetables • sweetened beverages






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