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Short-term effects of weight loss with or without low-intensity exercise training on fat metabolism in obese men^1,2,3

¹ From the Nutrition, Toxicology, and Environmental Research Institute (NUTRIM), Department of Human Biology, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands.

Background: Energy restriction is known to induce a decline in fat oxidation during the postdiet period. Reduced fat oxidation may contribute to weight regain.

Objective: The present study investigated the effect of the addition of low-intensity exercise training to energy restriction on postdiet fat oxidation and on the contribution of the sympathetic nervous system to fat oxidation.

Design: Forty obese men were divided randomly into 2 groups: diet (D) and diet plus exercise (DE). Both groups followed an energy restriction program for 10 wk. Subjects in the DE group also participated in a low-intensity exercise training program [40% maximal oxygen uptake (O₂max)] for 12 wk. Before the intervention and after 12 wk, with subjects at stable body weights, we measured body composition, O₂max, and substrate oxidation at rest, during exercise at 50% O₂max, and during recovery. Measurements were made with and without administration of the ß-adrenergic antagonist propranolol.

Results: Both interventions led to significant decreases in body weight, fat mass, and fat-free mass (P < 0.001); these decreases did not differ significantly between the D and DE groups. Neither intervention significantly affected O₂max. The effect of the intervention on the respiratory exchange ratio differed significantly between the D and DE groups [two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA), P < 0.05]. The effect on the ß-adrenergic-mediated respiratory exchange ratio tended to be different between the 2 groups (two-way ANOVA, P = 0.09).

Conclusion: Addition of low-intensity exercise training to energy restriction counteracts the decline in fat oxidation during the postdiet period.

Key Words: Propranolol • sympathetic nervous system • respiratory exchange ratio • ß-adrenergic antagonist • exercise training • obesity • overweight • obese men • weight loss • weight reduction • fat oxidation • energy restriction • low-energy diet • low-calorie diet

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