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American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, Vol. 72, No. 6, 1523-1528, December 2000
© 2000 American Society for Clinical Nutrition

Original Research Communication

Vitamin K supplementation reduces serum concentrations of under-{gamma}-carboxylated osteocalcin in healthy young and elderly adults1,2,3

Neil C Binkley, Diane C Krueger, Jean A Engelke, Andrea L Foley and John W Suttie

1 From the Institute on Aging, Department of Medicine, and the Department of Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin, Madison.

Background: Subclinical vitamin K insufficiency, manifested by under-{gamma}-carboxylation of the bone matrix protein osteocalcin, may be common.

Objective: Our objective was to delineate the prevalence of submaximal {gamma}-carboxylation as assessed by response to phylloquinone supplementation and to evaluate the effect of this intervention on skeletal turnover in healthy North American adults.

Design: Healthy subjects (n = 219), approximately equally distributed by sex and age (18–30 y and >=65 y), received daily phylloquinone (1000 µg) or placebo for 2 wk. Serum undercarboxylated osteocalcin (ucOC) and total osteocalcin, N-telopeptides of type I collagen (NTx), bone-specific alkaline phosphatase (BSAP), and phylloquinone concentrations were measured at baseline and after weeks 1 and 2.

Results: At baseline, the mean serum phylloquinone concentration was lower in the young than in the old group; there was no effect of sex. Concomitantly, baseline %ucOC was highest in the young and lowest in the old men (P < 0.0001) but did not differ significantly by age in women. After supplementation, serum phylloquinone concentration increased {approx}10-fold (P < 0.0001) at week 1 (from 0.93 ± 0.08 to 8.86 ± 0.70 nmol/L, ± SEM); this was sustained through week 2. Among all supplemented groups, mean %ucOC decreased from 7.6% to 3.4% without significant differences by age or sex; 102 of 112 subjects had a >1% decrease. Phylloquinone supplementation reduced serum osteocalcin but did not alter NTx or BSAP concentration.

Conclusions: Usual dietary practices in this population did not provide adequate vitamin K for maximal osteocalcin carboxylation. Phylloquinone supplementation reduced serum osteocalcin concentration but did not alter other markers of serum bone turnover.

Key Words: Vitamin K • phylloquinone • osteocalcin • undercarboxylated osteocalcin • ucOC • bone turnover • osteoporosis • elderly




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