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Original Research Communication |
1 From the Departments of Biochemistry, Pharmacology and Toxicology, and Family Medicine, and the Nutrition Program (Brescia College), University of Western Ontario, London, Canada; the Stroke Prevention and Atherosclerosis Research Centre, Robarts Research Institute, London, Canada; and the YMCA, London, Canada.
Background: Orange juice—a rich source of vitamin C, folate, and flavonoids such as hesperidin—induces hypocholesterolemic responses in animals.
Objective: We determined whether orange juice beneficially altered blood lipids in subjects with moderate hypercholesterolemia.
Design: The sample consisted of 16 healthy men and 9 healthy women with elevated plasma total and LDL-cholesterol and normal plasma triacylglycerol concentrations. Participants incorporated 1, 2, or 3 cups (250 mL each) of orange juice sequentially into their diets, each dose over a period of 4 wk. This was followed by a 5-wk washout period. Plasma lipid, folate, homocyst(e)ine, and vitamin C (a compliance marker) concentrations were measured at baseline, after each treatment, and after the washout period.
Results: Consumption of 750 mL but not of 250 or 500 mL orange juice daily increased HDL-cholesterol concentrations by 21% (P < 0.001), triacylglycerol concentrations by 30% (from 1.56 ± 0.72 to 2.03 ± 0.91 mmol/L; P < 0.02), and folate concentrations by 18% (P < 0.01); decreased the LDL-HDL cholesterol ratio by 16% (P < 0.005); and did not affect homocyst(e)ine concentrations. Plasma vitamin C concentrations increased significantly during each dietary period (2.1, 3.1, and 3.8 times, respectively).
Conclusions: Orange juice (750 mL/d) improved blood lipid profiles in hypercholesterolemic subjects, confirming recommendations to consume 
5–10 servings of fruit and vegetables daily.
Key Words: Orange juice • hypercholesterolemia • lipoproteins • HDL cholesterol • folate • flavonoids • vitamin C • homocyst(e)ine
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