HOME HELP FEEDBACK SUBSCRIPTIONS ARCHIVE SEARCH TABLE OF CONTENTS		QUICK SEARCH:   [advanced] Author: Keyword(s): Year:  Vol:  Page:

This Article Full Text Full Text (PDF) Purchase Article View Shopping Cart Alert me when this article is cited Alert me if a correction is posted Citation Map Services Similar articles in this journal Similar articles in PubMed Alert me to new issues of the journal Download to citation manager Citing Articles Citing Articles via HighWire Citing Articles via Google Scholar Google Scholar Articles by Waterland, R. A Articles by Garza, C. Search for Related Content PubMed PubMed Citation Articles by Waterland, R. A Articles by Garza, C. Agricola Articles by Waterland, R. A Articles by Garza, C.

Potential mechanisms of metabolic imprinting that lead to chronic disease^1,2,3

This review synthesizes a subset of human epidemiologic and experimental animal studies that suggest that early nutrition affects susceptibility to chronic diseases in adulthood. These studies provide evidence that biological mechanisms may exist to "memorize" the metabolic effects of early nutritional environments. However, hypothesis-driven investigations of potential mechanisms have been scant. Thus, our understanding of the biology underlying metabolic imprinting is incomplete. A working definition of metabolic imprinting is proposed, emphasizing the adaptive nature and limited ontogenic window of the mechanisms putatively responsible for these relations. Five specific candidate mechanisms of metabolic imprinting are elaborated: 1) induced variations in organ structure, 2) alterations in cell number, 3) clonal selection, 4) metabolic differentiation, and 5) hepatocyte polyploidization. Last, experimental approaches for probing potential mechanisms with animal models are discussed.

Key Words: Metabolic imprinting • nutrition • development • early nutrition • chronic disease • obesity • cardiovascular disease • hypertension • type 2 diabetes mellitus • animal models • epidemiology • metabolism

This article has been cited by other articles:

				M. R. Martins, A. K. G. Vieira, E. P. G. de Souza, and A. S. Moura Early overnutrition impairs insulin signaling in the heart of adult Swiss mice J. Endocrinol., September 1, 2008; 198(3): 591 - 598. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				S. Kinra, K V Rameshwar Sarma, Ghafoorunissa, V. V. R. Mendu, R. Ravikumar, V. Mohan, I. B Wilkinson, J. R Cockcroft, G. Davey Smith, and Y. Ben-Shlomo Effect of integration of supplemental nutrition with public health programmes in pregnancy and early childhood on cardiovascular risk in rural Indian adolescents: long term follow-up of Hyderabad nutrition trial BMJ, July 25, 2008; 337(jul25_1): a605 - a605. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				J. J. Dibner, J. D. Richards, and C. D. Knight Microbial Imprinting in Gut Development and Health J. Appl. Poult. Res., January 1, 2008; 17(1): 174 - 188. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				D. Kaufman, M. A. Banerji, I. Shorman, E. L.P. Smith, J. D. Coplan, L. A. Rosenblum, and J. G. Kral Early-Life Stress and the Development of Obesity and Insulin Resistance in Juvenile Bonnet Macaques Diabetes, May 1, 2007; 56(5): 1382 - 1386. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				P. Mitrani, M. Srinivasan, C. Dodds, and M. S. Patel Autonomic involvement in the permanent metabolic programming of hyperinsulinemia in the high-carbohydrate rat model Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab, May 1, 2007; 292(5): E1364 - E1377. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				I. H. Trevenzoli, M. M. R. Valle, F. B. Machado, R. M. G. Garcia, M. C. F. Passos, P. C. Lisboa, and E. G. Moura Neonatal hyperleptinaemia programmes adrenal medullary function in adult rats: effects on cardiovascular parameters J. Physiol., April 15, 2007; 580(2): 629 - 637. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				I. T. Bonomo, P. C. Lisboa, A. R. Pereira, M. C. F. Passos, and E. G. de Moura Prolactin inhibition in dams during lactation programs for overweight and leptin resistance in adult offspring J. Endocrinol., February 1, 2007; 192(2): 339 - 344. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				L.-S. Fetita, E. Sobngwi, P. Serradas, F. Calvo, and J.-F. Gautier Consequences of Fetal Exposure to Maternal Diabetes in Offspring J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab., October 1, 2006; 91(10): 3718 - 3724. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				R. M. Martin, J. M. P. Holly, G. Davey Smith, and D. Gunnell Associations of Adiposity from Childhood into Adulthood with Insulin Resistance and the Insulin-Like Growth Factor System: 65-Year Follow-Up of the Boyd Orr Cohort J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab., September 1, 2006; 91(9): 3287 - 3295. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				J. Neu Elucidating molecular mechanisms of the developmental origins hypothesis: p53 phosphorylation, apoptosis, and nephrogenesis. Am J Physiol Regulatory Integrative Comp Physiol, August 1, 2006; 291(2): R410 - R411. [Full Text] [PDF]

				R. Arya, E. Demerath, C. P. Jenkinson, H. H.H. Goring, S. Puppala, V. Farook, S. Fowler, J. Schneider, R. Granato, R. G. Resendez, et al. A quantitative trait locus (QTL) on chromosome 6q influences birth weight in two independent family studies Hum. Mol. Genet., May 15, 2006; 15(10): 1569 - 1579. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				R. A. Waterland, J.-R. Lin, C. A. Smith, and R. L. Jirtle Post-weaning diet affects genomic imprinting at the insulin-like growth factor 2 (Igf2) locus Hum. Mol. Genet., March 1, 2006; 15(5): 705 - 716. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				A. L. Fowden, D. A. Giussani, and A. J. Forhead Intrauterine Programming of Physiological Systems: Causes and Consequences Physiology, February 1, 2006; 21(1): 29 - 37. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				C. S. Park Role of compensatory mammary growth in epigenetic control of gene expression FASEB J, October 1, 2005; 19(12): 1586 - 1591. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				L A Coleman, A L Naleway, M E Davis, R T Greenlee, D Wilson, and D J McCarty Birth weight and systemic lupus erythematosus Lupus, July 1, 2005; 14(7): 526 - 528. [Abstract] [PDF]

				C. Gallou-Kabani and C. Junien Nutritional Epigenomics of Metabolic Syndrome: New Perspective Against the Epidemic Diabetes, July 1, 2005; 54(7): 1899 - 1906. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				O. A. Khan, R. Chau, C. Bertram, M. A. Hanson, and S. K. Ohri Fetal origins of coronary heart disease--implications for cardiothoracic surgery? Eur. J. Cardiothorac. Surg., June 1, 2005; 27(6): 1036 - 1042. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				C. desRobert, R. Lane, N. Li, and J. Neu Neonatal Nutrition and Consequences on Adult Health NeoReviews, May 1, 2005; 6(5): e211 - e219. [Full Text] [PDF]

				I. C. Mcmillen and J. S. Robinson Developmental Origins of the Metabolic Syndrome: Prediction, Plasticity, and Programming Physiol Rev, April 1, 2005; 85(2): 571 - 633. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				R. A Waterland Commentary: The global relevance of 'biological Freudianism' Int. J. Epidemiol., February 1, 2005; 34(1): 15 - 17. [Full Text] [PDF]

				M. S. Patel and M. Srinivasan Metabolic Programming: Long-Term Consequences of High-carbohydrate Feeding in the Immediate Postnatal Period NeoReviews, December 1, 2004; 5(12): e516 - e521. [Full Text] [PDF]

				R. Morley, J. B Carlin, and T. Dwyer Maternal calcium supplementation and cardiovascular risk factors in twin offspring Int. J. Epidemiol., December 1, 2004; 33(6): 1304 - 1309. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				E. Jablonka Epigenetic epidemiology Int. J. Epidemiol., October 1, 2004; 33(5): 929 - 935. [Full Text] [PDF]

				P. J. Stover Nutritional genomics Physiol Genomics, January 15, 2004; 16(2): 161 - 165. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				J. B. German, M.-A. Roberts, and S. M. Watkins Personal Metabolomics as a Next Generation Nutritional Assessment J. Nutr., December 1, 2003; 133(12): 4260 - 4266. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				R. A. Waterland and R. L. Jirtle Transposable Elements: Targets for Early Nutritional Effects on Epigenetic Gene Regulation Mol. Cell. Biol., August 1, 2003; 23(15): 5293 - 5300. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				R. M Martin, A. McCarthy, G. D. Smith, D. P Davies, and Y. Ben-Shlomo Infant nutrition and blood pressure in early adulthood: the Barry Caerphilly Growth study Am. J. Clinical Nutrition, June 1, 2003; 77(6): 1489 - 1497. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				M. B. Wheeler Production of transgenic livestock: Promise fulfilled J Anim Sci, March 1, 2003; 81(suppl_3): 32 - 37. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				M. Srinivasan, S. G. Laychock, D. J. Hill, and M. S. Patel Neonatal Nutrition: Metabolic Programming of Pancreatic Islets and Obesity Experimental Biology and Medicine, January 1, 2003; 228(1): 15 - 23. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				R. A. Waterland Do Maternal Methyl Supplements in Mice Affect DNA Methylation of Offspring? J. Nutr., January 1, 2003; 133(1): 238 - 238. [Full Text] [PDF]

				P. J. Stover and C. Garza Bringing Individuality to Public Health Recommendations J. Nutr., August 1, 2002; 132(8): 2476S - 2480. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				R. A. Waterland and C. Garza Early Postnatal Nutrition Determines Adult Pancreatic Glucose-Responsive Insulin Secretion and Islet Gene Expression in Rats J. Nutr., March 1, 2002; 132(3): 357 - 364. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				M. Cottini Fonseca Passos, C. F. Ramos, S. C.P. Dutra, M. Bernardo-Filho, and E. Gaspar Moura Biodistribution of 99mTc-O4Na Changes in Adult Rats Whose Mothers Were Malnourished During Lactation J. Nucl. Med., January 1, 2002; 43(1): 89 - 91. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				C. E Bertram and M. A Hanson Animal models and programming of the metabolic syndrome: Type 2 diabetes Br. Med. Bull., November 1, 2001; 60(1): 103 - 121. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				P. Bateson Fetal experience and good adult design Int. J. Epidemiol., October 1, 2001; 30(5): 928 - 934. [Full Text] [PDF]

				C. C. Metges Does Dietary Protein in Early Life Affect the Development of Adiposity in Mammals? J. Nutr., July 1, 2001; 131(7): 2062 - 2066. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				L. S. Adair Size at Birth Predicts Age at Menarche Pediatrics, April 1, 2001; 107(4): e59 - e59. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				M Mortaz, M S Fewtrell, T J Cole, and A Lucas Birth weight, subsequent growth, and cholesterol metabolism in children 8-12 years old born preterm Arch. Dis. Child., March 1, 2001; 84(3): 212 - 217. [Abstract] [Full Text]

				J. Cruickshank, J. Mbanya, R Wilks, B Balkau, N McFarlane-Anderson, and T Forrester Sick genes, sick individuals or sick populations with chronic disease? The emergence of diabetes and high blood pressure in African-origin populations Int. J. Epidemiol., February 1, 2001; 30(1): 111 - 117. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				M. Srinivasan, R. Aalinkeel, F. Song, B. Lee, S. G. Laychock, and M. S. Patel Adaptive changes in insulin secretion by islets from neonatal rats raised on a high-carbohydrate formula Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab, December 1, 2000; 279(6): E1347 - E1357. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				S. W. Andersson, A. Niklasson, L. Lapidus, L. Hallberg, C. Bengtsson, and L. Hulthen Poor Agreement between Self-reported Birth Weight and Birth Weight from Original Records in Adult Women Am. J. Epidemiol., October 1, 2000; 152(7): 609 - 615. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				D. J Hoffman, A. L Sawaya, I. Verreschi, K. L Tucker, and S. B Roberts Why are nutritionally stunted children at increased risk of obesity? Studies of metabolic rate and fat oxidation in shantytown children from Sao Paulo, Brazil Am. J. Clinical Nutrition, September 1, 2000; 72(3): 702 - 707. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				A. Lucas Programming not metabolic imprinting Am. J. Clinical Nutrition, February 1, 2000; 71(2): 602 - 602. [Full Text] [PDF]

				R. A Waterland and C. Garza Reply to A Lucas Am. J. Clinical Nutrition, February 1, 2000; 71(2): 602 - 603. [Full Text] [PDF]

				C. Chapman, L. M. Morgan, and M. C. Murphy Maternal and Early Dietary Fatty Acid Intake: Changes in Lipid Metabolism and Liver Enzymes in Adult Rats J. Nutr., January 1, 2000; 130(2): 146 - 151. [Abstract] [Full Text]

				D. A Leon Twins and fetal programming of blood pressure BMJ, November 20, 1999; 319(7221): 1313 - 1314. [Full Text]

				P. J. Thureen Early Aggressive Nutrition in the Neonate Pediatr. Rev., September 1, 1999; 20(9): 45e - 55. [Full Text]

				M. S. Patel and M. Srinivasan Metabolic Programming: Causes and Consequences J. Biol. Chem., January 11, 2002; 277(3): 1629 - 1632. [Full Text] [PDF]