American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, Vol 47, 420-427, Copyright © 1988 by The American Society for Clinical Nutrition, Inc

ORIGINAL RESEARCH COMMUNICATIONS

Effects of sucrose vs starch diets on in vivo insulin action, thermogenesis, and obesity in rats

LH Storlien, EW Kraegen, AB Jenkins and DJ Chisholm
Garvan Institute of Medical Research, St. Vincent's Hospital, Darlinghurst, Australia.

High intake of simple sugars is generally seen as a detrimental factor in the etiology of both obesity and insulin resistance. To examine possible deleterious effects of sucrose, independent of changes in energy intake, rats were fed equal amounts of high-sucrose or high- starch diets over 4 wk. Energy expenditure was assessed by open-circuit respirometry and carcass analysis. In vivo insulin action in individual tissues was assessed with the hyperinsulinemic (1 nmol/L), euglycemic clamp combined with tracer glucose and 2-deoxyglucose administration. Whole-body glucose disposal was impaired by sucrose feeding (clamp glucose infusion rate of 77 +/- 4 vs 124 +/- 6 mumol/[kg.min], p less than 0.001, for sucrose and starch, respectively) because of a major impairment of insulin action at the liver with a smaller contribution from peripheral tissues. Sucrose feeding affected neither basal or stimulated energy expenditure nor accumulation of body fat. In conclusion, sucrose feeding produces a major impairment of insulin action, predominantly because of an effect at the liver.

This article has been cited by other articles:

				J.-Y. Deng, J.-P. Huang, L.-S. Lu, and L.-M. Hung Impairment of cardiac insulin signaling and myocardial contractile performance in high-cholesterol/fructose-fed rats Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol, August 1, 2007; 293(2): H978 - H987. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				M. Sumiyoshi, M. Sakanaka, and Y. Kimura Chronic Intake of High-Fat and High-Sucrose Diets Differentially Affects Glucose Intolerance in Mice J. Nutr., March 1, 2006; 136(3): 582 - 587. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				A. S Levine, C. M Kotz, and B. A Gosnell Sugars: hedonic aspects, neuroregulation, and energy balance Am. J. Clinical Nutrition, October 1, 2003; 78(4): 834S - 842. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				M. Daly Sugars, insulin sensitivity, and the postprandial state Am. J. Clinical Nutrition, October 1, 2003; 78(4): 865S - 872. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				M. J. Pagliassotti, Y. Wei, and M. E. Bizeau Glucose-6-Phosphatase Activity Is Not Suppressed but the mRNA Level Is Increased by a Sucrose-Enriched Meal in Rats J. Nutr., January 1, 2003; 133(1): 32 - 37. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				A. Chicco, M. E. D'Alessandro, L. Karabatas, C. Pastorale, J. C. Basabe, and Y. B. Lombardo Muscle Lipid Metabolism and Insulin Secretion Are Altered in Insulin-Resistant Rats Fed a High Sucrose Diet J. Nutr., January 1, 2003; 133(1): 127 - 133. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				S. R. Commerford, J. B. Ferniza, M. E. Bizeau, J. S. Thresher, W. T. Willis, and M. J. Pagliassotti Diets enriched in sucrose or fat increase gluconeogenesis and G-6-Pase but not basal glucose production in rats Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab, September 1, 2002; 283(3): E545 - E555. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				A. Soria, M. E. D'Alessandro, and Y. B. Lombardo Duration of feeding on a sucrose-rich diet determines metabolic and morphological changes in rat adipocytes J Appl Physiol, November 1, 2001; 91(5): 2109 - 2116. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				C. Lavigne, F. Tremblay, G. Asselin, H. Jacques, and A. Marette Prevention of skeletal muscle insulin resistance by dietary cod protein in high fat-fed rats Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab, July 1, 2001; 281(1): E62 - E71. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				J.-Y. Kim, L. A. Nolte, P. A. Hansen, D.-H. Han, K. Ferguson, P. A. Thompson, and J. O. Holloszy High-fat diet-induced muscle insulin resistance: relationship to visceral fat mass Am J Physiol Regulatory Integrative Comp Physiol, December 1, 2000; 279(6): R2057 - R2065. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				J. S. Thresher, D. A. Podolin, Y. Wei, R. S. Mazzeo, and M. J. Pagliassotti Comparison of the effects of sucrose and fructose on insulin action and glucose tolerance Am J Physiol Regulatory Integrative Comp Physiol, October 1, 2000; 279(4): R1334 - R1340. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				M. E Daly, C. Vale, M. Walker, A. Littlefield, K George, M. Alberti, and J. Mathers Acute fuel selection in response to high-sucrose and high-starch meals in healthy men Am. J. Clinical Nutrition, June 1, 2000; 71(6): 1516 - 1524. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				C. Lavigne, A. Marette, and H. Jacques Cod and soy proteins compared with casein improve glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity in rats Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab, March 1, 2000; 278(3): E491 - E500. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				L. Noah, M. Krempf, G. Lecannu, P. Maugere, and M. Champ Bioavailability of starch and postprandial changes in splanchnic glucose metabolism in pigs Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab, February 1, 2000; 278(2): E181 - E188. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				J.-Y. Kim, L. A. Nolte, P. A. Hansen, D.-H. Han, K. Kawanaka, and J. O. Holloszy Insulin resistance of muscle glucose transport in male and female rats fed a high-sucrose diet Am J Physiol Regulatory Integrative Comp Physiol, March 1, 1999; 276(3): R665 - R672. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				C. L. Morin, E. C. Gayles, D. A. Podolin, Y. Wei, M. Xu, and M. J. Pagliassotti Adipose Tissue-Derived Tumor Necrosis Factor Activity Correlates with Fat Cell Size But Not Insulin Action in Aging Rats Endocrinology, December 1, 1998; 139(12): 4998 - 5005. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				D. A. Podolin, E. C. Gayles, Y. Wei, J. S. Thresher, and M. J. Pagliassotti Menhaden oil prevents but does not reverse sucrose-induced insulin resistance in rats Am J Physiol Regulatory Integrative Comp Physiol, March 1, 1998; 274(3): R840 - R848. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]