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American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, Vol 24, 181-193, Copyright © 1971 by The American Society for Clinical Nutrition, Inc.
1 From the Department of Home Economics, North Carolina Agricultural and Technical State University, Greensboro, North Carolina
Nitrogen balances, blood urea nitrogen, urinary urea and concentrations of plasma lipids and essential and nonessential amino acids were measured in 12 men between the ages of 23 and 30 years at the beginning and end of four 15-day intervals following the ingestion of wheat diets containing 46 g protein/day.
Nitrogen balances were maintained over a period of 60 days. Blood urea nitrogen concentrations were significantly lower in men receiving the wheat or pinto bean diets than during a period when self-selected diets were consumed. Ingestion of the basal wheat diet or this diet supplemented by pinto beans, rice, or peanut butter was characterized by a significant increase in plasma glutamic acid and increases in histidine and serine. The decrement in alpha-aminobutyric acid was most striking and significant.
Comparisons of lipid concentrations in men fed the supplemented or unsupplemented wheat diets revealed no significant differences though the feeding of wheat per se appeared to result in lower values for total lipids, cholesterol and glycerides. After 30 and 45 days on the wheat diets, total plasma lipids were significantly lower than those that occurred on self-selected diets.
It is concluded that a diet providing 46 g protein/day of which 76% of the nitrogen was supplied as wheat and the remainder by potatoes and other vegetables and fruit, is adequate, by the criteria employed, for maintenance of adult man. Since replacement of 20% of the nitrogen from wheat equinitrogenously by rice or peanut butter did not significantly improve the utilization of wheat protein, substitution of peanuts or cereal grains for a portion of the wheat would not prove to be nutritionally efficient in adult man when potatoes and other vegetables and fruit are simultaneously consumed.
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